Glossary

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines designed to think and learn like humans. It encompasses various technologies, including machine learning, natural language processing, and robotics, enabling systems to perform tasks such as problem-solving, decision-making, and language understanding, often improving over time through experience.

AI agents are software programs that use artificial intelligence to perform tasks autonomously or assist users. They can analyze data, make decisions, and interact with users through natural language processing. Common examples include virtual assistants, chatbots, and recommendation systems, which enhance user experience and streamline processes across various applications.

An antidetect browser is a specialized web browser that masks or randomizes identifying attributes (such as user‑agent strings, canvas/WebGL fingerprints, and IP addresses) so each session appears as a distinct, generic user.

An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and specifications that allows one application to access the features or data of another application. This enables different software systems to communicate and interact with each other

Browser fingerprinting is the process web services use to collect browser data from their users to generate unique digital fingerprints for tracking purposes.

Bot traffic is any traffic to a website or app that is generated by automated software programs (known as bots) rather than humans. Bots can simulate human behavior by performing tasks like browsing web pages, clicking links, filling out forms, or even making purchases.

A bot (short for "robot") is a software program that performs automated tasks over a network. Bots follow instructions to carry out actions, often mimicking human behavior, but at a much faster pace.

Bot detection is the method by which a website identifies bot traffic. There are a number of processes that websites can use to distinguish bot traffic from traffic generated by real people.

CGNAT, or Carrier-Grade Network Address Translation, is a technology used by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to manage IP address allocation. It allows multiple users to share a single public IP address by translating private IP addresses within a local network. This helps conserve IPv4 addresses and facilitates efficient network management.

cURL (short for Client URL) is a command-line tool you can use to transfer data to or from a server using various network protocols. It’s a versatile tool that allows you to make different types of requests, like downloading files, sending data, and interacting with APIs.

CAPTCHAs are tests that determine whether traffic to a website originates from a human or a bot. They work by providing challenges that are difficult for computers to solve but easy for humans.

A device fingerprint is a unique identifier generated by collecting specific attributes of a device, such as its operating system, browser type, installed plugins, and screen resolution. This data helps websites and applications recognize and track devices for security, fraud prevention, and personalized user experiences without relying on cookies.

Data parsing is the method used to extract data from unstructured sources and convert it into a structured format. This makes it easier to analyze, send, and integrate.

A dataset is a collection of data that's organized and stored in a structured format that makes the data easy to analyze or use.

A datacenter proxy is a type of proxy server that is hosted in a data center, rather than being tied to a residential internet connection. Datacenter proxies are known for their high speeds and scalability, since they often run on powerful servers with significant bandwidth.

A forward proxy is a proxy server that sits between your device (or client - such as your web browser or a mobile application) and the internet. Instead of the client making requests directly to the web resource you want to access, your client makes the request to the proxy server, which then sends the request on (or "forwards" it) to the web resource on your behalf.

Geolocation is the process of determining the real-world geographic location of an object, such as a computer, mobile device, or vehicle. This is often done by analyzing data like IP addresses, GPS coordinates, and WiFi signals.

A headless browser is a web browser that operates without a visual user interface. It runs in the background, allowing automated interaction with web pages, including rendering HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the code that gives structure and content to web pages. It uses tags to define elements like headings, paragraphs, images, and links, which tell web browsers how to display the information.

ISP proxies are a type of proxy server that combines the speed and reliability of datacenter proxies with the authority and anonymity of residential proxies. They are hosted in data centers but use IP addresses provided by Internet Service Providers (ISPs), making them appear like regular residential users.

An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique numerical identifier assigned to every device connected to a network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. IP addresses serve as a way to locate and communicate with devices over a network, much like a street address identifies a physical location.

JavaScript is a programming language that adds interactivity to websites. It allows developers to create dynamic content, handle user input, and make web pages more engaging.

Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that enables systems to learn from data, identify patterns, and make decisions with minimal human intervention. By using algorithms and statistical models, machine learning improves its performance over time, allowing applications in various fields such as finance, healthcare, and marketing to automate processes and enhance decision-making.

Mobile proxies are a type of proxy server that routes your internet traffic through a mobile device with a real mobile IP address. This makes it appear as if you are browsing the internet using a smartphone or tablet connected to a cellular network, rather than your actual device and location.

Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment that lets you run JavaScript code on the server side.

Puppeteer is a Node.js library developed by Google that provides a high-level API for controlling headless Chrome or Chromium browsers. It allows developers to automate web tasks such as testing, scraping, and rendering web pages, enabling efficient interaction with web applications programmatically. Puppeteer is widely used for web automation and performance monitoring.

Python is a popular programming language known for its clear syntax and readability. It's used for a wide range of tasks, from building websites and analyzing data to automating tasks and creating artificial intelligence.

A proxy server is an intermediary server that sits between your device (or application) and the internet, forwarding your requests and responses while hiding your IP address from the online resources you access. This helps you to access restricted content and bypass some bot detection measures when web scraping.

Rate limiting is a technique used in network management to control the amount of incoming or outgoing traffic to or from a server. It restricts the number of requests a user can make in a given timeframe, preventing abuse, ensuring fair usage, and maintaining optimal performance and security of web applications and APIs.

A reverse proxy is a type of proxy server that sits in front of one or more web servers, intercepting all client requests before they reach the origin server. This allows reverse proxies to perform various functions like load balancing, security filtering, and caching to improve the performance, security, and reliability of the web server(s).

Residential proxies are a type of proxy server that routes your internet traffic through a residential IP address. This means your online activity appears to originate from a real home or individual user, rather than a data center or business.

Structured data refers to organized information that is easily searchable and interpretable by machines, typically formatted in a predefined manner, such as databases or spreadsheets. It often uses standardized schemas like JSON-LD or Microdata to enhance data clarity and improve search engine optimization (SEO) by enabling better indexing and richer search results.

A SOCKS proxy is a server that uses the SOCKS (Socket Secure) protocol to route your data. The SOCKS protocol is a set of instructions that dictate how a client (for example, your web browser) can route traffic through a proxy server, while keeping your browsing data private and secure. SOCKS5 is the latest, best-performing, and most feature-rich version of this protocol.

Selenium is an open-source framework primarily used for automating web browsers. It provides tools and libraries that allow you to control a browser programmatically, enabling tasks like web testing, web scraping, and automating repetitive web actions.

TTFB, or Time to First Byte, is a web performance metric that measures the time taken for a user's browser to receive the first byte of data from a server after a request is made. It reflects server responsiveness and can impact user experience and SEO rankings. Lower TTFB indicates better performance.

Transparent proxies are intermediary servers that intercept and redirect network traffic without modifying requests or responses. They operate without requiring client configuration, making them invisible to users. Commonly used for content filtering, caching, and monitoring, transparent proxies enhance network performance and security while maintaining user anonymity.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a core communication protocol that ensures reliable and ordered delivery of data between applications over a network. It establishes a connection between the sender and receiver, verifies data integrity, and retransmits any lost or corrupted data.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a communication protocol that sends data packets over a network with minimal overhead and error checking. It prioritizes speed and efficiency over guaranteed delivery, making it suitable for applications where occasional data loss is acceptable.

Web data refers to information collected from websites, including text, images, videos, and user interactions. It encompasses structured data (like databases) and unstructured data (like social media posts). This data is crucial for analytics, marketing strategies, and improving user experiences by providing insights into online behavior and trends.

A Web Application Firewall (WAF) is a security solution designed to monitor, filter, and protect web applications from malicious traffic and attacks, such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting. By analyzing HTTP requests and responses, a WAF helps safeguard sensitive data and ensures the integrity and availability of web applications.

A web crawler, also known as a spider or bot, is an automated program that systematically browses the internet to index content from websites. It collects data for search engines, helping them understand and rank web pages based on relevance and quality, ultimately improving search results for users.

wget is a free command-line utility that you can use to download files from the internet. It’s a robust tool that’s able to handle unstable network connections and supports various protocols, including HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP.

Web scraping is the process of collecting data from the web and aggregating it into one place. Although this can be a manual process (i.e. copy and pasting from websites yourself), “web scraping” generally refers to automating that process.

A web scraper is a tool that automatically extracts data from websites. It finds the information you want from web pages and puts it into a format you can use, such as a spreadsheet.

XPath, or XML Path Language, is a query language used to select nodes from an XML document. It provides a way to navigate through elements and attributes in XML, allowing users to extract specific data efficiently. XPath is widely used in web scraping, XML data manipulation, and in conjunction with technologies like XSLT and XQuery.